WE'VE ALL HAD that panicked moment when we’re away from a power outlet and our cell phone is running out of juice.
The WiFi and cellular data connection components in our mobile device are among the most power-hungry parts of our smartphone, consuming the most of our battery power.
On top of battery concerns, the estimates from the Federal Communications Commission predict that a bandwidth crunch is coming as early as this year.
You may experience this crunch already when a Skype call or YouTube video suddenly pauses or keeps buffering. The wireless spectrum is a finite resource, and too much traffic in that invisible infrastructure means dropped calls and slow data speeds.
So what is being done to keep our smartphones sleek, speedy, and juiced with battery power? The answer could lie in an insect’s ear.
With the help of an award of $400,000 from the National Science Foundation, engineers at the College of Engineering Wireless Communication Laboratory at The University of Akron are testing electrically-small biomimetic antenna arrays inspired by one of the most sensitive auditory systems in the animal world – the ear system of an insect.
In collaboration with the University of Wisconsin-Madison, they will research cutting-edge methods to increase the data rate in wireless communication systems equipped with multiple antennas (MIMO) which will at the same time reduce the size and power consumption of a mobile device.
Assistant professor Dr. Hamid Bahrami is the lead principal investigator of the project.
How a pest will improve your smartphone
The parasitoid fly Ormia Ochracea has become a model organism in acoustical experiments because of its unique "ears," which are complex structures inside the fly's chest near the bases of their front legs. The fly is too small for the time difference of sound arriving at the two ears to be calculated in the usual way, yet it can determine the direction of sound sources with exquisite precision. Using designs that mimic this sensitive biological system, the proposed methods by the lab aim to reduce the inter-antenna spacing of mobile devices without degrading the performance, making it possible to implement antenna arrays with multiple elements in mobile devices.
To be fast, size can matter
As technology stands now, the current generation of mobile devices such as your 4G smartphone is usually equipped with two or four antennas.
While a multiple antenna design increases the communication speed and can potentially reduce power consumption of mobile devices, it occupies large real estate that in turn increases the size of your phone. Since the distance between elements in typical antenna arrays is currently in the range of a few inches depending on the frequency band, the size of a radio like your smartphone with more than four antennas would become quite large, and that hinders mobility. The lab’s solution aims to reduce the spacing between MIMO antennas inside the smartphone, keeping it small and portable.
Ph.D. graduate student Ardalan Alizadeh speaks in the Wireless Communications Lab on the roof of the Auburn Science and Engineering Center.
“The potential payoff of this research is significant,” explains Dr. Hamid Bahrami, the lead principal investigator of the project. “The technology that we currently develop in our lab enables very small mobile devices to provide communication speeds not easily matched by the current technologies. The main obstacle to further developing this technology involves signaling techniques suitable for the devices to exploit their full potential.”
Can you feel the crunch?
The Wireless Communications Lab has an extensive background in multiple antenna systems. “This is an emerging technology in research areas of wireless communications: to find ways to make the distance between antenna elements smaller while having the same or better performance,” asserts Ardalan Alizadeh, a graduate student on the project. “Consequently, the application of this technology is not only limited to cellular mobile phone services.” Their findings could go a long way in managing the challenges of limited bandwidth.
In fact, a potential application of this project is in the design of cognitive radio networks — a new paradigm where smart devices are able to utilize spectrum bands in an efficient way. This feature is considered to be a key enabling technology for the next generation of wireless standards, which is why their research received the NSF’s "Enhancing Access to the Radio Spectrum (EARS)" award.
So, next time you see a fly and want to swat it away, be sure to thank it first for the inspiration that will lead to your smartphone working faster and sounding better.
Media contact: Lisa Craig, 330-972-7429 or lmc91@uakron.edu.
The ear system of a parasitoid fly has acute directional sensitivity, a design that UA researchers will strive to imitate.
The fly’s auditory system is mimicked in a mechanical model designed to improve signaling techniques of multiple antenna systems found on mobile devices.